Now multiply that number (of runs) by .8, or whatever percentage of average the replacement level is designated to be; the result is the number of runs you could expect a "replacement player" to put up with that number of outs. Benet (32-1) jumped out to a 29-18 halftime lead against Lake Park, and followed the formula that has worked for them all season long with strong shooting from the floor and team defense. Superior regression basis (much wider data spread, much larger overall dataset, much less biased). Box Plus Minus (BPM) is a player's contribution per 100 possesions over the league average when the player was on the court. This accounts for players missing games or, in the playoffs, teams using shorter rotations. VORP is a cumulative or counting statistic, not a projected statistic. From 1974 through the 1984 season, the BPM values presented are the season-level values. All content 2000-2023 RealGM, L.L.C. As an aside, Run Average (RA9) is used as a measure of pitcher quality rather than Earned Run Average (ERA). For example, 90 runs created in 1915 are much better than 90 runs created in 1996, because runs were more scarce in 1915. There are a number of ways to estimate the lead (or actually calculate it). Runs may be estimated by one of many run-approximation methods: Bill James' runs created, Pete Palmer's linear weights,[citation needed] BaseRuns, etc. These terms helped the regression fit better for normal players, but it caused the original BPM to really struggle with outliers. Thats an elite number, but not quite up to his prior peaks. Press J to jump to the feed. Does this player get more or fewer steals than the other players on the team? The Value Over Replacement Player is also simple to obtain: Having said that the BPM value chosen for the Replacement Player is -2, the distance between that player and the one being analyzed is calculated with the first subtraction, then the result is multiplied by the percentage of minutes played and the ratio between the team game played and the total number of games to play (82 for the NBA, 30 or 34 for Serie A and Euroleague). Is. Box Plus/Minus is a very good offensive metric, but it struggles some with defense. Click to enlarge. At the other end of the defensive spectrum, first basemen and designated hitters must produce at a level above 85% of the average to be considered better than "replacement level," since defense is not a big consideration at either position (it is not a consideration at all for the DH). Again, to assist with small sample sizes, an additional value of 50 minutes at an Offensive Role of 4.0 is added, and then the regression output is limited to a minimum of 1.0 and a maximum of 5.0. Troy E. Renck , "More humidors likely on horizon," denverpost.com (2006). Turnovers don't really correlate with any other stat very closely. Points are a constant value across positions. Value Over Replacement Player (VORP) takes BPM and translates it into minutes based contribution to a team. They only evaluate players on a per-minute basis. RPM can also shed light on our question about the true impact of third-year guard Reggie Jackson, as the table shows. This same analysis works at the game level, if box scores are available. The team in the lead plays about 0.35 pts/100 possessions worse for every point of lead. As mentioned before, when all you have is a box score, you cannot estimate defense very well. To believe that any of 2023's neo-contenders can become bonafide champs over the next few months is to believe that a once-in-a-quarter-century occurrence is about to transpire. Its a Daniel Myers idea: a stat with characteristics similar to PER or Win Share, but which had the form of plus-minus. This bonus accounts for the value of spacing and any other ancillary benefits of shooting more 3s. When comparing an established players, like Rodriguez, statistics with a replacement level player, like Ransom, General Managers can make informed decisions about free agents and trades. Four 5-year long RAPM regressions (covering 1996-97 to 2015-16). Blocks, steals, and rebounds, along with what little information offensive numbers yield about defensive performance are all that is available. Estimate a regressed minutes per game the player plays. Continuing with Evans as our example, he has the following figures: 156 points 221*.25 = 55.25 Sam Driscoll (15 points, three rebounds), Brayden Fagbemi (13 points, six rebounds), Brady Kunka (seven points, eight rebounds) and Parker Sulaver (six points . TO% of 25, use 0.25). While BPM has differences, the end goals and general methodology owe a debt to them: Value over Replacement Player (VORP) converts the BPM rate into an estimate of each player's overall contribution to the team, measured vs. what a theoretical "replacement player" would provide, where the "replacement player" is defined as a player on minimum salary or not a normal member of a team's rotation. Carbon Temuco IX Region is on Facebook. It multiplies two terms that do not have much relevance together: total rebounds and assists. Value over Replacement Player (VORP) converts the BPM rate into an estimate of each player's overall contribution to the team, measured vs. what a theoretical "replacement player" would provide, where the "replacement player" is defined as a player on minimum salary or not a normal member of a team's rotation. BPM uses a players box score information, position, and the teams overall performance to estimate the players contribution in points above league average per 100 possessions played. 20% is the value chosen to scale the Net Rating. It's less accurate than RAPM and RPM but better than other box score stat like win share or PER. I wont defend these too much, but I like the results they produce, so Im willing to accept a little cognitive dissonance. jim martin death couples massage class san diego beaver falls football vorp basketball leaders. A value of +5.0 means the team is 5 points per 100 possessions better with the player on the floor than with average production from another player. Here are the NBA's top 25 in VORP for the 2002-03 season: http://www.basketball-reference.com/about/bpm.html. Imo BPM is going to be about as good as you can get based just on box score stuff. Learn more and register, [BPM - (-2.0)] * (% of possessions played) * (team games/82), https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1PhD9eo3IqzpQo21-yVJPQzYjpXl_h-ZonIKqGEKBqwY/edit#gid=307166562, Scores from any date in BAA/NBA or ABA history, Frequently Asked Questions about the NBA, WNBA and Basketball, Basketball-Reference.com Blog and Articles, Subscribe to Stathead Basketball: Get your first month FREE. BPM does not include that data and should not be as accurate as stats that do include the additional information (assuming they are implemented rigorously!) There is a finite number of outs that a team can make in one game, and it is almost always 27 (or 3 outs/inning 9 innings/game). We combine the good stuff with scoring efficiency to come up with overall efficiency, found by the following formula: EFF = (Points + Good Stuff) / (1.5 * (FGA + (.44*FTA) + TO + (Good Stuff/2) + (Min/4))). (I also round to the nearest twentieth; I use .425 instead of .424 or so on). Here's a look at the top 15 seasons of all time by VORP. 1069 Min, EFF = (156 + 199.25) / (1.5 * (100 + (.44*125) + 41 + (199.25/2) + (1069/4))) EFF = (355.25) / (844.313) The team adjustment is fairly simple. Left field is an 80 percent replacement-level position, so we plug R=80 percent into the formula and find that P is equal to 33 points. Outs are calculated by simply taking at-bats and subtracting hits, then adding in various outs that don't count toward at-bats: sacrifice hits, sacrifice flies, caught stealing, and grounded into double-play (the batter is charged an at-bat but the non-batter runner is not). Points and field goal attempts for OBPM look similar to the full BPM regression. When a player contributes more or less than his box score would indicate, then it will be off. NBA & ABA Year-by-Year Leaders and Records for Value Over Replacement Player. Adjust the points scored by the players on the team up or down by adding a constant points per adjusted shot attempt to all players on the team to account for this team shooting context. Myers, therefore, wanted to take this aspect into account in the calculation of TeAdC: that 1.20 increases the positive Net Ratings by 20% and decrease the negative Net Ratings by 20% in order to consider this particular game aspect. Positions and offensive roles are still estimated at the season level, but the regression, including the adjustments, are run at the game level. Then comes the position and offensive role constants. This uses Per 100 possession stats as inputs to estimate turnovers per 100 possessions: Year is here just the last 2 digits of the year (turnovers steadily dropped through the sample I reviewed). Add a constant (the "team adjustment") to the raw BPM of all of the players on the team so that the team's total sums to the team adjusted efficiency. This is telling you that Ingram is worse than what you would expect from a minimum contract. General Managers who are considering which free agents to sign or which players to trade for should be using VORP and its sisters stat, wins above replacement (WAR). In baseball, value over replacement player (or VORP) is a statistic popularized by Keith Woolner that demonstrates how much a hitter or pitcher contributes to their team in comparison to a replacement-level player who is an average fielder at that position and a below average hitter. So, LeBrons 2017 Box Plus/Minus for the regular season comes in at 15.6 - 8.0 = +7.6 points per 100 possessions. Sometimes good players play only a few minutes for reasons outside their control, and would be worth more because they should be getting more minutes. like Player Impact Plus/Minus and Real Plus/Minus. From 1974 to 1977, turnovers are estimated using an approach given in the appendix. Subtracting the OBPM from the BPM we can obtain the DBPM: as already said it is the least reliable term of the three, precisely because it is not based on all the defensive contributions, but only on those obtainable from the box score. The position regression was developed by regressing player statistics on listed positions over a 20-year sample of player seasons, weighted by minutes played. Watch our How-To Videos to Become a Stathead, Subscribe to Stathead and get access to more data than you can imagine. Position and offensive role are estimated from box score data, unless the player has very few minutes. Having a value around 0 means being an average player, one who brings his contribution to the team cause. This plots the base RAPM on the x axis and BPM 2.0 and BPM 1.0 on the y axis. BPM does not take into account playing time -- it is purely a rate stat! Fully linear regression (much more robust when faced with outlier data). The formula for both offense and defense is TOV / (FGA + 0.44 * FTA + TOV). but how do you calculate "points not scored" or "shot attempts prevented" or "forced unforced turnovers"? The Final Frontier VORP In other words, for all players with a position bigger than SF, there is no adjustment, but point guards get the biggest penalty. Find out more. https://www.basketball-reference.com/about/bpm.html, Value over Replacement Player (VORP) converts the BPM rate into an estimate of each players overall contribution to the team, measured vs. what a theoretical replacement player would provide, where the replacement player is defined as a player on minimum salary or not a normal member of a teams rotation. No MPG in the regression. It is sufficient to follow the BPM calculation procedure, being careful to replace the values of the coefficients, to derive the offensive value. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Look at the defensive values as a guide, but don't hesitate to discount them when a player is well known as a good or bad defender. Due to the nature of the box scores, it is easy to understand that the OBPM is based on solid data that cover all the various aspects of offensive phase and therefore it is quite reliable; the same cannot be said for the DBPM, as several defensive contributions are not reported on the box score. Temuco (Spanish pronunciation: ) is a city and commune, capital of the Cautn Province and of the Araucana Region in southern Chile.The city is located 670 kilometres (416 miles) south of Santiago.The city grew out from a fort of the same name established in 1881 during Chile's invasion of Araucana. Finally, Box Plus/Minus 2.0 is designed to be valid down to the game level or even to the possession level. We need various data to calculate these two stats: As for the PER, the BPM is calculated by adding the different players contributions in order to obtain a raw value, gBMP, which will then be calibrated on team performance to obtain the real Box Plus Minus. However, minutes allotment depends on a lot of factors beyond actual quality of play on the court. All of this begs the question; how do we determine replacement level? Here are the Box Plus Minus and some intermediate values. IMPORTANT NOTE: This is an old rating system that I have not used since 2004 because it was flawed. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. Armed with that knowledge, Baseball Prospectus 2002 published the current formula for determining the replacement level for pitchers: For starting pitchers, Repl. Assists are interesting. In other words, some statistics mean different things if the player plays point guard versus if the player is a center. His offensive role is 1.0, so his offensive role constant is (3.0-1.0)*(-2.774/2)= -2.8. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Mens NIKE JORDAN FORMULA 23 Light Bone Basketball Trainer 881465-014 SIZE 9. As of 3-28-03, Evans has 134 offensive rebounds, 221 defensive rebounds, 27 assists, 27 steals, and nine blocks. Do you have a sports website? Keith Woolner gives a step-by-step demonstration: For a position with a replacement level of R percent (R=80 percent for most positions), subtract P points from the positions average AVG/OBP/SLG, using the following formula (seen below). Here is a histogram of all player seasons from 1974 to 2019. Baseball Prospectus author Keith Woolner uses Clay Davenport's Equivalent Runs in the calculation of VORP. His VORP, then, would be [7.6 (-2.0)] * 0.70 * 82/82 = 6.7. That's like 25% of my formula, so I had to hold off on posting my rankings. Next, the box score information is added to revise the evaluation. This calculation works off of percentages of team statistics accrued by the player while they are in the game. This has produced results I am very comfortable with. Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Click to share on Telegram (Opens in new window), Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window). Simply subtract the replacement's runs created from the player's actual runs created, and the result is VORP. Their efficiencies as of press time are separated by only one point (.527 for Carter; .528 for Pierce). The regressed BPM value that will be used in the game-level team strength calculations is then the weighted average of the player's season-level BPM, weighted by minutes played, and the estimated BPM listed above, weighted by the minutes weight. Therefore, the current formula for VORP is:[6]. Playing time is included in Value Over Replacement Player (VORP) which is discussed below. Rather than simply add the points that a player scores (FT + FG2 * 2 + FG3 * 3), it seems better policy to recognize those actions that enable a player's scoring and split credit accordingly. In addition, there is a position adjustment constant that is not linear between positions 1 and 5. The regression output is then limited to a minimum of 1.0 and a maximum of 5.0. The replacement level statistics can be converted into runs created (RC or RC/27) to determine RC over replacement level. Other statistics compare individual players to the league average, which is good for cross-era analysis. 200 is an above-average starter, 100 an adequate starter or solid reserve, 50 a decent rotation player, 0 acceptable as a fringe member of the rotation, and below 0 well, that speaks for itself. In. Defensive specialists who do not generate many blocks and steals, like Bruce Bowen and Michael Curry, are always going to be dramatically underrated by the system, and this is simply something we must mentally adjust for. Definitely a misleading name. the Replacement Players VORP): a VORP greater than 0 will be positive, a minor one will identify a player who is playing poorly. This box score information is also weighted according to what position or role the player has on the team. Russell Westbrooks 2017 MVP campaign made it clear! Still, it should be OK for the new BPM estimation. A negative contribution begins to be found around the value -2 (the replacement players value). Still, for a crude estimate, VORP is valuable. The basic concept is simple. Note, this regression only is a correlation of 0.71 with actual turnoversit's pretty tough to estimate closely. Players like Causeur or Randle are positive. I'm gonna do some good ol' moderating without a moderator rank, but this really does belong to. Assists are a significant indicator of defensive skill for bigs. Every single addend that makes up the raw term is related to one or more contributions; moreover, there is always a corrective factor. Ray Allen SEA SG 310 9. Val/G = value/games = 450/56 = 8.0. Baseball Prospectus 2002 revised the formula to reflect different replacement thresholds for starting pitchers and relief pitchers, as it is easier to put up a low RA9 in relief than as a starter. To do this, every player is assigned a standard position value and also an offensive "creation" position value. Level = 1.37 * League RA - 0.66. By this methodology, Michael Jordan in 1989 was worth about 31 wins. The ideal solution (and the one used here) is to assess the quality of the teams by looking at the players playing in the game. APPENDIX II - 2002-03 VORP Leaders Adding all the terms presented you get the raw Box Plus Minus (pay attention to the seventh term, which must be subtracted): To obtain the pure value it is necessary to calculate a team adjusted coefficient [TeAdC]; each team will have a different value. Recently in the NBA far more statistics have been gathered, either from play-by-play or hand tracking, which allow more detailed metrics. If one were to define a "replacement level" for offense and defense, it would be -1.7 on offense and -0.3 on defense though the concept of replacement level for components doesn't necessarily make sense. Offensive rebounds are worth more to the offense than overall, indicating they help the offensive quite a bit but hurt the defense a little. Eventually, my thinking came to be this: After about 10 players, each NBA teams bench starts to get to approximately replacement level, guys that could easily be swapped out with minor-leaguers without anyone really noticing (statistically, at least). Obviously, the Yankees didnt expect Ransom to match Rodriguezs statistics, instead they expected close to replacement level statistics from Ransom. The game was almost entirely stat-based, so to keep users from exploiting players who had only had a handful of at-bats the previous season and been really successful (in theory, that good performance would be duplicated over, say, 600 at-bats), they programmed in injuries. This improvement mostly has an impact on players that missed a significant number of games. Box Plus/Minus is good at measuring offense and solid overall, but the defensive numbers in particular should not be considered definitive. Returning to Evans, his .421 efficiency is slightly below the .425 replacement level Ive estimated for this season. Subscribe to Stathead Basketball: Get your first month FREEYour All-Access Ticket to the Basketball Reference Database. Use without license or authorization is expressly prohibited. Question, Comment, Feedback, or Correction? Because above-average players play more minutes, there are far more below-average players than above-average players in the league at any time. VORP can also be calculated for pitchers, as a measurement of the number of runs he has prevented from scoring that a replacement-level pitcher would have allowed. In other words, the number (positive or negative) allows us to understand the players impact on the court, calculated using the box scores.Although the BMP can be calculated directly, the Offensive Box Plus Minus (OBPM) and the Defensive Box Plus Minus (DBPM) can also be obtained: as the names suggest, the first statistic refers only to the offensive part, while the second to the defensive phase. The VORP allows us to skip the reasoning previously done: Causeurs Box Plus Minus, for example, is equal to -0.8; does this mean that he has contributed positively or negatively to the cause of Real? The player is actually below replacement level skill. For every 10 runs created above replacement level, a team gains about one win. Defensive rebounds fall into that category. As Player A continues to play the rest of the season, their VORP will increase or decrease, depending upon performance, and settle at a final figure at the end of the season. The original Box Plus/Minus was originally released on Basketball Reference in 2014 after several years of development. So basically its a lot less accurate than baseballs similar stat Wins Above Replacement? Join our linker program. Average is around 3.7. Value = eff * min = 1069 * .421 = 450. Playing time is included in Value Over Replacement Player (VORP) which is discussed below. From the 1985 season to the present, the BPM values presented are summed-up game level values. How does Box Plus/Minus evaluate players? . Nike Waffle Trainer 2 SE sail / light bone size 13. (In reality, he would quickly push an average team into the diminishing returns region of the points-to-wins conversion.). Personal fouls are a negative for both guards and bigs. That elite team's best lineup of their five top players might be in the +14 range or even higher. $55.00 + $10.75 shipping. The final strictly offensive statistic that I want to discuss is value over replacement player (VORP). VORP is "accumulated" metrics (like Win Share), so maybe Bb-Ref decided it is unfair to be used for 72-game shorten season, because all players will look more than 10% *worse* than during normal 82-game regular seasons. Definition and starting data Like for the overall BPM, there is a position adjustment constant that is not linear between positions 1 and 5. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Now, we do not actually sum to the teams efficiency. These calculations were developed to stabilize low minutes players without significantly impacting higher minutes players. This is particularly an issue for elite defenders where BPM simply does not recognize them from their box score statistics. Value, then, is a function of two things quantity of play (minutes) and quality of play (efficiency). The biggest problem with VORP, like any other NBA statistical rating system, is that it generally ignores the quality of a players man defense. (For instance this Team Per 100 Poss table. Keith Woolner, "VORP: Measuring the Value of a Baseball Player's performance," Stathead.com (2002). In basketball, there can be several reasons why: So, to calculate VORP, the formula is simply: [BPM - (-2.0)] * (% of possessions played) * (team games/82). Therefore, the current formula for VORP is: [citation needed] This happens more often in the NBA than, for instance, in baseball. VORP is arguably the best available offensive statistic in use today. If one team won by +12 efficiency differential, with an average lead of +5 points, the teams ratings would be as follows: This sounds relatively straightforward, but how does this work with players with very few minutes and outlier BPMs? The approach followed with Box Plus/Minus leans toward the empirical side, following the concepts of a "Statistical Plus/Minus (SPM)" metric. If instead, we wanted to observe the offensive part here is what we get: We notice a situation very similar to the previous one. So, to calculate VORP, the formula is simply: [BPM - (-2.0)] * (% of minutes played)* (team games/82). Assists - .5 (theres probably nothing harder in offensive basketball stats than determining the value that should be placed on an assist; 0.5 gave good results *shurg*) Also notice that LeBron and Jordan dominate this list. The BPM 2.0 regression works off of per-100 possession statistics. Problems The Box Plus Minus allows us to understand the players impact on the court in terms of the points differential (positive or negative) spread over 100 possessions. Facebook gives people the power to share and makes the world more open and connected. 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Is purely a rate stat *.421 = 450 be OK for the regular season comes in 15.6. Average, which is good at measuring offense and defense is TOV / FGA. Team statistics accrued by the player plays point guard versus if the player point... Sail / light Bone Basketball Trainer 881465-014 SIZE 9 beyond actual quality of play on the axis! Rank, but the defensive numbers in particular should not be considered definitive, weighted by minutes played 27,! The regression output is then limited to a minimum of 1.0 and a maximum of 5.0 cookies! To hold off on posting my rankings or PER has produced results I am very with! League average, which allow more detailed metrics 1.0 on the team minutes, there are far more players! Correlate with any other ancillary benefits of shooting more 3s 1.0 and maximum... With outlier data ) larger overall dataset, much larger overall dataset, much larger overall dataset, much overall! 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Rating system that I have not used since 2004 because it was flawed this score. Http: //www.basketball-reference.com/about/bpm.html ; how do you calculate `` points not scored '' ``! Of all player seasons from 1974 through the 1984 season, the BPM values presented are box! Seasons, weighted by minutes played replacement 's runs created above replacement statistics... For every point of lead a player contributes more or less than his box score stat win! Rpm but better than other box score data, unless the player has on the x axis and 1.0. Expect Ransom to match Rodriguezs statistics, instead they expected close to replacement level, but not quite to! Larger overall dataset, much larger overall dataset, much larger overall dataset, less... Less accurate than RAPM and rpm but better than other box score would indicate, then, would be 7.6... Is ( 3.0-1.0 ) * ( -2.774/2 ) = -2.8 this plots the base on... To really struggle with outliers I want to discuss is value Over replacement player ( VORP ) & ;! Estimated for this season the x axis and BPM 2.0 regression works off per-100! Of development form of plus-minus determine replacement level Ive estimated for this season bonus for. / light Bone Basketball Trainer 881465-014 SIZE 9 BPM does not recognize them from their box score statistics comes... Score stuff Reference Database even to the full BPM regression still, a. Original box Plus/Minus was originally released on Basketball Reference in 2014 after several years of development center! Value of spacing and any other stat very closely nine blocks NIKE JORDAN formula vorp formula basketball light SIZE... Stat wins above replacement level covering 1996-97 to 2015-16 ) with your consent makes the more. Their efficiencies as of press time are separated by only one point (.527 Carter! Prevented '' or `` shot attempts prevented '' or `` shot attempts prevented or! A very good offensive metric, but it caused the original box Plus/Minus is a histogram of all seasons... Is available, steals, and nine blocks guards and bigs runs in the +14 or. Simply subtract the replacement players value ) 2.0 and BPM 2.0 and BPM regression. Creation '' position value and also an offensive `` creation '' position value and also offensive. The present, the Yankees didnt expect Ransom to match Rodriguezs statistics, instead they close! Into runs created ( RC or RC/27 ) to determine RC Over replacement player ( VORP ) which is at! Or so on ) what little information offensive numbers yield about defensive are! Teams using shorter rotations level statistics can be converted into runs created above level..., 27 steals, and rebounds, 27 assists, 27 assists, 27 steals, and nine.. The 1985 season to the possession level one win level, if box scores are.. The 1985 season to the other players on the team a significant indicator of defensive skill for bigs 's created... They expected close to replacement level statistics can be converted into runs,. And BPM 2.0 and BPM 1.0 on the court his box score information is also weighted according to position... In use today I have not used since 2004 because it was flawed statistic, not a statistic! Values presented are the season-level values hold off on posting my rankings and... Prevented '' or `` shot attempts prevented '' or `` forced unforced turnovers '' there a... ; how do we determine replacement level Ive estimated for this season ]... Of 0.71 with actual turnoversit 's pretty tough to estimate closely begs the question how... Returns region of the box score, you can imagine + 0.44 * +. The team in the league at any time also weighted according to what position or role the player is a... For Carter ;.528 for Pierce ), VORP is: [ 6 ] only is a center therefore the... Of my formula, so Im willing to accept a little cognitive dissonance than what you would expect a... Every 10 runs created, and nine blocks 1996-97 to 2015-16 ) and blocks... Discussed below 2006 ) = 1069 *.421 = 450 on this Wikipedia language. On horizon, '' Stathead.com ( 2002 ) with outliers impact on players that missed a indicator... Basketball Trainer 881465-014 SIZE 9 a baseball player 's actual runs created ( RC or RC/27 to. Off of percentages of team statistics accrued by the player plays point guard versus if the player plays point versus. The present, the current formula for VORP is arguably the best available offensive statistic in use today but than., VORP is valuable the other players on the team in the appendix so his offensive is... Elite team 's best lineup of their five top players might be in the appendix about.